How Small Can You Get? A human hair is about 100 microns

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Micromachines (MEMS) Current applications inertial sensors (e.g., in air bags) medical devices memory and mass storage micro-mirrors for digital projection (DLP)
Current microchip transistors are about two microns wide. The wires that connect the transistors are less than a micron wide. If vacuum tubes were used in place of the transistors on a microchip the chip would be the size of a city block!
inertial sensors (e.g., in air bags) medical devices. memory and mass storage. micro-mirrors for digital projection (DLP)
10 billion components / wafer. 6 billion people / world.
Atomic Force Microscopy. cadmium selenide. silicon.
sample. pull probe strip. probe. pull probe strip.
Scanning-Tunneling Electron Microscopy (STEM) image shows individual platinum atoms (bright blobs) on an alumina support, with Pt3 clusters circled. STEM image of a silicon crystal in the [112] orientation reveals pairs of atom columns in which the intrapair separation is 0.78 Å.
Manipulating Atoms. A single cobalt atom. Joseph Stroscio; Robert Celotta / NIST. A 40-nanometer-wide NIST logo made with cobalt atoms on a copper surface. The ripples in the background are made by electrons, which create a fluid-like layer at the copper surface. Each atom on the surface acts like a pebble dropped in a pond.
diamond. graphite. buckytube buckyball ~0.70 nm.
Growing Nanotubes. Forest of nanotubes. Single-walled nanotube (SWNT)