Tree bark can split from cold temperatures following excessive sun and heat

Split bark, or vertical cracks along the lower tree stem of young trees, most commonly occurs on thin-barked trees such as dogwood, elm, maple, cherry, apple, peach and plum trees.

My Tree Bark is Splitting – Can I Fix it?

Why Does My Tree Have Bark Cracks? And What Should I Do? - A Plus Tree

Bark temperature

Trees get sunburnt too – but there are easy ways to protect them, from tree 'sunscreen' to hydration

Frost crack - Wikipedia

Heat is transferred to living tissues of trees during fire (top panel)

Avocado trees get sunburned - what to do? - Greg Alder's Yard Posts: Southern California food gardening

Protecting Trees From Winter Injury in the Southern Plains - FineGardening

Extreme temperature fluctuation causes tree cracking

Winter Tree Damage Causes, Causes & Prevention

Frost cracks and winter damage to trees

Trees get sunburnt too – but there are easy ways to protect them, from tree 'sunscreen' to hydration